Modification of Soil Physical Properties by Maize Straw Biochar and Earthworm Manure to Enhance Hydraulic Characteristics under Greenhouse Condition

The deterioration of soil physical properties had led to a decrease in soil–water availability facility agriculture. Thus, an experiment was set up with five treatments 0% (CK, No additives), 3% biochar (BA3, Mass ratio), earthworm manure (QA3), 5% (BA5), and (QA5) investigate the effects on hydraulic characteristics under greenhouse conditions. including bulk density (BD) total porosity (TP) were measured; results showed that BA5 provided lowest BD (1.24 g·cm?3) highest TP (53.09%) 13.8% higher than CK. More importantly, saturated conductivity (KS), field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), available water content (AWC) soils treated significantly those At same application rate, effect permeability water-retention manure, which soil–water-characteristic curve (SWCC) as > BA3 QA5 QA3 CK, FC AWC increased from 28.90% 14.13% respectively, 40.73% 21.91% BA5, respectively; KS, FC, PWP by 45.93%, 40.91%, 27.46% 54.96% compared respectively. revealed improvement conducive enhancement KS enhanced capacity, ultimately AWC. From perspective improving economic benefits, is considered be most beneficial.